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Mining with nature
Education Biodiversity page 15 of 20

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The Five Biggest Threats

IPBES has listed the five main drivers of biodiversity loss:

  • land and sea use change,
  • direct exploitation of species, e.g. by the fishing, farming and forestry industry,
  • climate change,
  • pollution,
  • invasive alien species.

The driving forces vary in intensity between terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. On land, changing use of land is the strongest driver. This can, for example, be caused by a mine and associated infrastructure. In freshwater environments, pollution is an important driving factor. In the near future, IPBES estimates that climate change will be the strongest driving factor of biodiversity loss.

The five drivers behind the loss of biodiversity identified by IPBES vary in strength depending on whether one looks at land, freshwater, or the ocean.

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